Generalized viral infection model with Caputo fractional derivative, cure rate and humoral immunity

Authors

  • Vahid Roomi Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University
  • Tohid Kasbi Gharahasanlou Imam Hossein University
  • Awat Rasouli Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University

Keywords:

fractional differential equations, Caputo fractional derivative, cure rate, global stability, Lyapunov function, humoral immunity

Abstract

Infectious diseases pose a significant threat to global health,
and mathematical modeling can be highly useful for understanding their
transmission dynamics. Fractional differential equations have emerged
as a powerful tool for modeling complex systems with memory and longterm
interactions. In this paper, we provide a mathematical model of
generalized viral infection with cure rate via FDEs. The basic reproduction
number will be obtained and positivity and uniformly boundedness
of solutions will be controlled. Three equilibrium points: infection-free
equilibrium, immune-free equilibrium and chronic equilibrium, will also
be calculated. It will be shown that the infection-free equilibrium is
globally asymptotically stable if the reproduction number is less than
one and if it is more than one, within certain conditions on humoral immune
response reproduction rate, then the immune-free and the chronic
equilibria are globally asymptotically stable. Finally, numerical simulations
will be presented to establish the analytical calculations.

Downloads

Published

2025-11-09

Issue

Vol. 19

Section

Vol. 19, No. 7, (2025)

License

Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'Journal Publishing Agreement'. An e-mail will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a "Journal Publishing Agreement" form or a link to the online version of this agreement.

Journal author rights

Authors have copyright but license exclusive rights in their article to the publisher. In this case authors have the right to:

  • Share their article in the same ways permitted to third parties under the relevant user license (together with Personal use rights) so long as it contains a link to the version of record on this website.
  • Retain patent, trademark and other intellectual property rights (including raw research data).
  • Proper attribution and credit for the published work.

Rights granted to this journal

The Journal of Mathematical Extension is granted the following rights:

  • This journal will apply the relevant third party user license where this journal publishes the article on its online platforms.
  • The right to provide the article in all forms and media so the article can be used on the latest technology even after publication.
  • The authority to enforce the rights in the article, on behalf of an author, against third parties, for example in the case of plagiarism or copyright infringement.

Protecting author right

Copyright aims to protect the specific way the article has been written to describe an experiment and the results. This journal is committed to its authors to protect and defend their work and their reputation and takes allegations of infringement, plagiarism, ethic disputes and fraud very seriously.

If an author becomes aware of a possible plagiarism, fraud or infringement we recommend contacting the editorial office immediately.

Personal use

Authors can use their articles, in full or in part, for a wide range of scholarly, non-commercial purposes as outlined below:

  • Use by an author in the author’s classroom teaching (including distribution of copies, paper or electronic)
  • Distribution of copies (including through e-mail) to known research colleagues for their personal use (but not for Commercial Use)
  • Inclusion in a thesis or dissertation (provided that this is not to be published commercially)
  • Use in a subsequent compilation of the author’s works
  • Extending the Article to book-length form
  • Preparation of other derivative works (but not for Commercial Use)
  • Otherwise using or re-using portions or excerpts in other works

These rights apply for all authors who publish their article in this journal. In all cases we require that all authors always include a full acknowledgement and, if appropriate, a link to the final published version hosted on this website.